Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 3، June 2024 ، issue Number 97

Revising Iskandar's position in opposition to Dara in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on the symbolic position of "self and other"

Maryam Esmailnejad , Abolghasem Ghavam (Author in Charge), Ehsan Ghabool

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the most important approaches of semiotics is cultural semiotics. Cultural semiotics describes culture and intercultural relations based on the way of interaction between "self" and "other" in certain frameworks. This science does not deal with just one single format, but its application is to examine texts that embrace several cultures simultaneously. Ferdowsi"s Shahnameh, as a national and cultural work of global scope, is one of the texts that has been considered in the context of multi-cultural texts due to the interaction with various ethnic groups. The purpose of this research is to examine Iskandar’s position in contrast to Dara and Iranians as the actors of this story in relation to the position of "self and the other" and intends to show that the behavior of the activists may be heterogeneous due to their position by using the foundations of cultural semiotics. In other words, according to the poet"s goals, the "self" force may show "other" behavior or vice versa.

METHODOLOGY: This research is descriptive-analytical and by using the method of library studies to collect data and evidences in Shahnameh, and then analyzed it based on the theory of cultural semiotics. The text of this research, Ferdowsi"s Shahnameh, by the efforts of Jalal Khaleghi Motlagh (1391), the 5thbook, Fourth Edition, is from the narrative section of Darab and Dara.

FINDINGS: The findings of this essay indicate that heterogeneous behaviors are visible to their goals both in self-interest and in the "other" activist.

CONCLUSION: Ferdowsi used the reversion of Iskandar"s position and opposite strategies and prominent descriptions and the emphasis and consolidation of authoritarianism, has identified him as "another" and as "self". Dara also caused his own self-defeating and authoritarian behavior, not from outside and from the other, but from within, destroy himself. These heterogeneous behaviors are inconsistent with the "self-and-other" sign positions and contrary to their true position.

Keyword
Cultural semiotics , Ferdowsi's Shahnameh , the story of Iskandar and Dara , self and the other

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